What was Aaronic?

The term “Aaronic” refers to anything pertaining to Aaron, the brother of Moses, and by extension, to his descendants and the priesthood established through him. In the context of 2 Chronicles 34, “Aaronic” describes the lineage and priestly duties associated with the family of Aaron, particularly in relation to the reforms of King Josiah, who reestablished proper worship in Judah.

The word Aaronic comes from Aaron, which in Hebrew is אַהֲרֹן (Aharon), likely meaning “exalted” or “mountain of strength.” Though “Aaronic” as an adjective does not appear verbatim in most English Bible translations, the concept is strongly implied in references to the priests and Levites who descended from Aaron.

Biblical References and Context

The primary reference to the Aaronic order in 2 Chronicles 34 is found in verses 9 and 14, during the reign of King Josiah, a godly king of Judah who began extensive religious reforms and the repair of the temple.

“They went to Hilkiah the high priest and gave him the money that had been brought into the temple of God, which the Levites, who were the doorkeepers, had collected from the people of Manasseh, Ephraim and the entire remnant of Israel and from all the people of Judah and Benjamin and the inhabitants of Jerusalem.” (2 Chronicles 34:9, NIV)

Hilkiah, the high priest mentioned here, was likely of Aaronic descent, since the office of the high priest was strictly limited to Aaron’s line (see Exodus 28:1; Leviticus 8:1-36). In this context, the “Aaronic” priesthood plays a key role in the rediscovery of the Book of the Law, which catalyzed national repentance and spiritual revival.

Other Key Cross-References

• Exodus 28:1 – God sets apart Aaron and his sons to serve as priests.

• Leviticus 8 – The ordination of Aaron and his sons.

• Numbers 16-18 – God confirms the priesthood belongs to Aaron and his lineage.

• Hebrews 5:1-4 – Refers to the honor of the high priest being reserved for those called by God, such as Aaron.

The Role of the Aaronic Priesthood

The Aaronic priesthood was foundational in the Old Testament. Only descendants of Aaron were permitted to offer sacrifices, minister in the sanctuary, and enter the Most Holy Place on the Day of Atonement (Leviticus 16). This priesthood was responsible for maintaining the people’s relationship with God through ritual purity, sacrifices, and intercession.

In 2 Chronicles 34, the Aaronic priests were instrumental in the temple repairs and religious restoration. When the Book of the Law was found in the temple, it was the high priest Hilkiah, an Aaronic priest, who passed it on to Shaphan the scribe, eventually leading Josiah to national repentance.

Meaning for Today’s Christians

The Aaronic priesthood teaches several important truths for believers today:

1. God is holy, and access to Him requires a mediator.

2. Priestly intercession was essential under the Old Covenant, showing our need for atonement.

3. God values obedient and consecrated leadership in worship and service.

4. Spiritual revival often begins when God’s Word is rediscovered and obeyed, as seen during Josiah’s reforms with the help of Aaronic priests.

How the Aaronic Priesthood Points to Jesus and the Gospel

The Aaronic priesthood foreshadowed the perfect High Priest, Jesus Christ. While the Aaronic priests had to offer sacrifices repeatedly, Christ offered Himself once for all (Hebrews 7:27). Jesus was not a priest from Aaron’s line but from the order of Melchizedek (Hebrews 7:11-17), fulfilling and surpassing the Aaronic system.

The limitations and failures of the Aaronic priesthood (e.g., the sins of Eli’s sons or Nadab and Abihu) pointed to the need for a greater, sinless mediator—Jesus. Through Him, all believers now have direct access to God (Hebrews 4:14-16; 1 Peter 2:9).

Broader Biblical Themes

1. Covenant and Mediation

The Aaronic system was a crucial part of the Mosaic Covenant, emphasizing the need for a mediator between God and man. It prefigured Christ’s better covenant (Hebrews 8:6).

2. Holiness and Sacrifice

The priests served as guardians of holiness. Their role emphasized that God’s presence required cleansing and atonement, themes central to the gospel.

3. Spiritual Leadership

The fall or faithfulness of priests impacted the nation deeply. This underscores the importance of godly leadership, especially in worship and spiritual guidance.

4. The Centrality of God’s Word

The rediscovery of the Law during Josiah’s reign—handled by the Aaronic priesthood—illustrates the reviving power of Scripture when rightly handled and taught.

Reflection Questions

1. How does the role of the Aaronic priesthood help you better understand the need for Jesus as your High Priest?

2. In what ways can spiritual leaders today learn from the responsibility and reverence expected of Aaron’s descendants?

3. Are you actively engaging with God’s Word like those in Josiah’s day? How can the rediscovery of Scripture shape revival in your life?

4. What does it mean for you, as a believer, to now be part of a royal priesthood in Christ?

The Aaronic priesthood played a central role in Old Testament worship and laid the groundwork for understanding Christ’s ultimate priesthood. Through its lineage, rituals, and high priestly office, the Aaronic system pointed ahead to the perfect priesthood of Jesus, who now intercedes for believers eternally.