Who were Prophets?
The term “prophets” (Greek: prophētēs, Hebrew: nābî, נָבִיא) refers to those whom God called and sent to speak His Word to His people. In the context of Matthew 5, the term is used collectively by Jesus in His Sermon on the Mount: “For in the same way they persecuted the prophets who were before you” (Matthew 5:12, NIV). These prophets were God’s messengers, chosen to reveal His will, warn of judgment, and foretell the coming of salvation—especially through the Messiah.
The Greek word prophētēs literally means “one who speaks forth,” especially on behalf of a deity. The Hebrew word nābî also conveys the idea of one who is divinely inspired to communicate God’s message to others. Prophets in Scripture were not only foretellers of future events but also forthtellers of divine truth, calling people to repentance, righteousness, and covenant faithfulness.
Where Their Story Is Found
Prophets are found throughout both the Old and New Testaments. In the Old Testament, major and minor prophets include Isaiah, Jeremiah, Ezekiel, Daniel, Hosea, Amos, Micah, and others. In the New Testament, prophets such as John the Baptist, Agabus (Acts 11:27–28; 21:10–11), and even Jesus Himself (Luke 13:33) are described as having a prophetic role.
Matthew 5:12 refers to the persecution the prophets faced for declaring God’s truth:
“Rejoice and be glad, because great is your reward in heaven, for in the same way they persecuted the prophets who were before you.” (NIV)
Cross-references include:
- 2 Chronicles 36:15–16 – God’s people mocked and misused His prophets.
- Jeremiah 26:20–23 – A prophet, Uriah, was killed for preaching.
- Hebrews 11:32–38 – A summary of prophets who endured torture, mockery, and death for their faithfulness.
What Happened in the Bible
The prophets played a central role in the history of redemption. They were often sent to confront kings, warn nations, and call people to return to the covenant. Many were rejected, beaten, imprisoned, and killed because their messages were unpopular and called for repentance.
Jesus, in Matthew 5:12, places His disciples in line with these faithful messengers. Just as the prophets were persecuted for proclaiming God’s truth, so too will followers of Jesus be persecuted for righteousness’ sake. The mention of the prophets serves as a reminder that suffering for God is not in vain but a mark of honor and faithfulness.
What It Means for Today’s Christians
For believers today, the prophets represent the cost and courage of speaking God’s truth in a fallen world. They are examples of boldness, obedience, and perseverance. Christians are called to be witnesses in the same prophetic spirit—speaking the truth in love, even when it is unpopular.
Jesus’ mention of the prophets reminds us that persecution is not a sign of failure but of faithfulness. It ties present-day believers to a long line of God’s servants who stood for truth, justice, and the coming of God’s kingdom.
How Their Story Points to Jesus and the Gospel
The prophets ultimately point to Jesus Christ, who is the fulfillment of all prophecy (Matthew 5:17; Luke 24:27). Jesus is the Prophet like Moses, foretold in Deuteronomy 18:15, who speaks God’s final and full word to humanity (Hebrews 1:1–2). He not only proclaimed the truth but embodied it as the Word made flesh (John 1:14).
Jesus, like the prophets before Him, was rejected and killed (Luke 13:34). Yet through His death and resurrection, He fulfilled the messages of the prophets concerning salvation, judgment, and the coming Kingdom of God. He is the center and culmination of all prophetic revelation.
Broader Biblical Themes
Revelation
Prophets reveal God’s heart, will, and plans to humanity. They speak under divine inspiration, making known the truth that would otherwise remain hidden.
Suffering for Righteousness
The pattern of prophetic persecution is a biblical theme that culminates in the suffering of Christ. God’s messengers are often opposed in this fallen world.
Covenant Faithfulness
Prophets call God’s people back to the terms of the covenant, demanding repentance and renewed devotion to the Lord.
Jesus as the Fulfillment
All prophetic hope finds its “Yes” in Jesus Christ. The entire prophetic tradition finds completion in His person and work.
Reflection Questions
- How does understanding the role of prophets help you better appreciate the teachings of Jesus in Matthew 5?
- In what ways are you called to speak God’s truth in today’s world?
- Are you prepared to face rejection or opposition for your faith as the prophets did?
- How does Jesus fulfill the hope and message of the Old Testament prophets in your life personally?
- How can the courage and faithfulness of the prophets inspire you in your walk with Christ?
The prophets stand as enduring examples of conviction, courage, and faithfulness. Their voices still echo through the pages of Scripture—calling us to listen, repent, and look to Christ, the fulfillment of all God’s promises.