Matthew 21:31 – “Which of the two did what his father wanted?” “The first,” they answered. Jesus said to them, “Truly I tell you, the tax collectors and the prostitutes are entering the kingdom of God ahead of you.”
Extended Explanation of the Verse
In this verse, Jesus concludes the parable of the two sons by asking a straightforward question: “Which of the two did what his father wanted?” The religious leaders correctly answer, “The first.” However, Jesus uses their answer to deliver a powerful and unexpected truth: those who are often seen as the worst sinners, like tax collectors and prostitutes, are entering God’s Kingdom ahead of the self-righteous religious leaders.
The reason is simple—these “sinners” heard John the Baptist’s message of repentance, recognized their need for forgiveness, and turned back to God. In contrast, the religious leaders claimed to follow God but rejected both John’s message and Jesus’ authority. This verse highlights the difference between outward appearances and genuine repentance and obedience.
Historical Context
Tax collectors and prostitutes were seen as the lowest of the low in Jewish society. Tax collectors were despised for collaborating with the Roman oppressors and often cheating their fellow Jews. Prostitutes were viewed as living in open sin and shame. Yet, many of these people responded to John the Baptist’s call to repentance and later embraced Jesus’ message.
The religious leaders, on the other hand, prided themselves on their adherence to the law and their status as spiritual authorities. They believed their position guaranteed them a place in God’s Kingdom. Jesus’ statement would have been shocking to His audience, especially the leaders, as it turned their expectations upside down.
Theological Implications
This verse reveals that entrance into God’s Kingdom is not based on status, outward appearance, or past sins but on a heart that is willing to repent and obey. It challenges the notion of self-righteousness and emphasizes the transformative power of God’s grace for those who truly turn to Him.
Jesus’ words also remind us that repentance is more important than religious rituals or appearances. Those who humble themselves before God and respond to His call, no matter their past, will experience His forgiveness and welcome into His Kingdom.
Literary Analysis
Matthew 21:31 is the climax of the parable of the two sons, delivering a striking conclusion that confronts the religious leaders directly. The use of the phrase “Truly I tell you” adds weight to Jesus’ statement, emphasizing its importance and certainty.
The juxtaposition of tax collectors and prostitutes with religious leaders creates a stark contrast, highlighting the unexpected nature of God’s Kingdom. This reversal of societal expectations is a recurring theme in Jesus’ teachings, demonstrating that God’s ways are not the same as human ways.
Biblical Cross-References
- Luke 15:7: “I tell you that in the same way there will be more rejoicing in heaven over one sinner who repents than over ninety-nine righteous persons who do not need to repent.”
This verse emphasizes God’s joy over repentance, no matter the person’s past. - Matthew 9:12-13: “On hearing this, Jesus said, ‘It is not the healthy who need a doctor, but the sick. But go and learn what this means: “I desire mercy, not sacrifice.” For I have not come to call the righteous, but sinners.’”
Jesus explains His mission to call sinners to repentance. - James 4:6: “God opposes the proud but shows favor to the humble.”
This verse underscores the importance of humility in receiving God’s grace.
What This Verse Means for Today’s Christian
For Christians today, Matthew 21:31 is a reminder that no one is beyond the reach of God’s grace. It challenges us to avoid self-righteousness and to recognize our own need for repentance and obedience. The verse also encourages us to share God’s message with everyone, regardless of their background, trusting that His love can transform even the hardest hearts.
It calls us to examine our own faith—are we like the first son, who eventually obeyed, or like the second, who said the right words but failed to act?
How This Verse Relates to a Loving God
This verse reflects God’s deep love and mercy. He welcomes anyone who repents, no matter their past, into His Kingdom. God’s love is not reserved for the outwardly “righteous” but extends to all who humble themselves and turn to Him. Jesus’ words reveal a God who values a heart of repentance over external appearances or religious status.
How This Verse Connects to Jesus Christ
Matthew 21:31 points to Jesus’ mission to seek and save the lost. His ministry focused on calling sinners to repentance and revealing the heart of God to those who were marginalized or rejected by society. Jesus’ statement challenges the religious leaders while affirming that He is the one who brings true transformation and access to God’s Kingdom.
Questions for Reflection and Discussion
- How does this verse challenge your understanding of who can enter God’s Kingdom?
- Are there areas in your life where you struggle with self-righteousness or judging others based on their past?
- What does this verse teach you about the importance of repentance and obedience in your relationship with God?
- How can you follow Jesus’ example in reaching out to those who feel far from God?
- What steps can you take to align your actions with your words and live out genuine faith?
Matthew 21:31 reminds us of the power of repentance and the inclusiveness of God’s grace. It challenges us to live lives of obedience and humility, trusting in God’s mercy and sharing His love with all people, no matter their past.