Who was Irnahash?

Irnahash is a somewhat obscure figure mentioned briefly in the genealogies of 1 Chronicles 4:22, a chapter that traces the descendants of Judah. The name Irnahash (Hebrew: עִיר נָחָשׁ, ʿIr Naḥāsh) means “city of the serpent” or possibly “city of Nahash“. The word ir means “city” and nahash typically translates as “serpent” but may also be a proper name.

Because of the brevity and context of his mention, there is ongoing discussion as to whether Irnahash is a person, a location, or a patronymic/metaphorical title. However, given the structure of the passage, it is treated here as a person, likely a notable figure or founder associated with a city or lineage.

Biblical Reference

Irnahash is mentioned in:

• 1 Chronicles 4:22 (NIV): “Jokim, the men of Kozeba, Joash, and Saraph, who ruled in Moab and Jashubi-Lehem. (These records are from ancient times.)”

The name Irnahash appears within the larger list of the descendants of Shelah, son of Judah. Some translations or manuscripts interpret Irnahash as a place; however, many scholars lean toward viewing it as a personal name due to its position in the genealogy and grammatical structure.

Cross References

• Genesis 38 – Background on Judah and his descendants.

• 1 Chronicles 2-4 – Extended genealogies of the tribe of Judah.

• Numbers 21:6-9 – The bronze serpent, which may provide a theological parallel for the symbolic use of “serpent.”

What Happened in the Bible?

The reference to Irnahash in 1 Chronicles 4 is set within the broader context of the tribe of Judah’s genealogies. These records not only trace lineage but also preserve fragments of history about tribal leaders, their accomplishments, and settlements they established.

While nothing specific is said about Irnahash’s deeds, his name’s inclusion implies he was a figure of some historical or familial significance. Ancient genealogies often preserved names of city founders, warriors, or prominent leaders. It is possible that Irnahash was a leader, patriarch, or founder of a city or clan, potentially one with a name derived from or connected to the serpent (nahash).

Alternatively, the name may point to spiritual conflict or warning, as serpents often represent evil or temptation in Scripture (e.g., Genesis 3). Yet, in some contexts, they can also represent healing or judgment (e.g., Numbers 21:9).

Meaning for Today’s Christians

The mention of Irnahash reminds Christians that God values names, records, and legacy, even those that may seem obscure to us. Each person listed in the genealogies points to God’s sovereign plan in history. Even when we do not know all the details, God remembers what men forget.

The name “Irnahash” also encourages believers to examine the spiritual symbolism of the serpent—a motif representing sin, rebellion, and deception from Genesis onward. Yet even this image is ultimately redeemed in Christ, who became sin (symbolized by the bronze serpent in Numbers 21) so that we might be saved (John 3:14–15).

How Irnahash Points to Jesus and the Gospel

Jesus referred to the bronze serpent in the wilderness when He said in John 3:14–15: “Just as Moses lifted up the snake in the wilderness, so the Son of Man must be lifted up, that everyone who believes may have eternal life in him.”

Though Irnahash may have had connections to serpent imagery (whether through name or location), the Bible consistently drives the narrative toward God’s redemptive power over sin and death. Even the image of the serpent—a symbol of curse—becomes a foreshadowing of the cross, where Jesus bore the curse for our sake.

Thus, a name like Irnahash, associated with “serpent,” highlights the contrast between the curse of sin and the blessing of salvation in Christ.

Broader Biblical Themes

1. The Value of Genealogies in God’s Story

The Bible’s genealogies are not merely historical records but theological statements. They remind us that every person and generation plays a part in God’s unfolding story.

2. The Symbolism of the Serpent

The serpent in Scripture represents both the power of evil (Genesis 3; Revelation 12) and, paradoxically, the path to healing (Numbers 21). This tension is resolved in Christ, who defeated the serpent (Satan) through His death and resurrection (Hebrews 2:14).

3. God’s Sovereign Memory

Irnahash is remembered in Scripture though forgotten by most readers. This reveals that God records the names and lives of His people, even when human history overlooks them (Malachi 3:16).

4. Legacy and Influence

Irnahash may have founded or influenced a city or clan. This points to the importance of legacy, not just materially, but spiritually. Christians today are called to build a legacy rooted in faith, truth, and service.

Reflection Questions

1. Why do you think God includes names like Irnahash in the Bible even when no further details are given?

2. What can the name “city of the serpent” teach us about the dangers of compromise or spiritual warfare?

3. How does the biblical image of the serpent point us to both judgment and salvation?

4. In what ways can you build a Christ-centered legacy that will outlive your name?

5. Are there “forgotten” people or parts of the Bible you can rediscover to see God‘s bigger story?

Even in silence or obscurity, the names in Scripture—like Irnahash—remind us that God sees, records, and redeems.