Who were Christians?

The term “Christians” was first used in Acts 11:26, where it is written, “The disciples were called Christians first at Antioch.” The Greek word used is Χριστιανός (Christianos), meaning “follower of Christ” or “belonging to Christ.” The term is derived from Χριστός (Christos), the Greek equivalent of the Hebrew מָשִׁיחַ (Mashiach), meaning “Anointed One” or “Messiah.” Thus, “Christians” literally means “those who belong to the Anointed One,” or “followers of the Messiah.”

This was not originally a self-designation but was likely used by outsiders to describe those who followed the teachings of Jesus Christ. Over time, however, it became a badge of honor and identity for believers in Jesus as the risen Lord.

Biblical Reference and Cross-References

The first mention is found in:

• Acts 11:26 – “The disciples were called Christians first at Antioch.”

• Acts 26:28 – King Agrippa said to Paul, “Do you think that in such a short time you can persuade me to be a Christian?”

• 1 Peter 4:16 – “However, if you suffer as a Christian, do not be ashamed, but praise God that you bear that name.”

These passages confirm that the term “Christian” was known across various regions, from Antioch to the Roman court.

What Happened in the Bible

Following the persecution of believers after Stephen’s martyrdom (Acts 7), many disciples scattered and began preaching the gospel beyond Judea. In Antioch, a major Gentile city, a remarkable thing occurred: both Jews and Gentiles were coming to faith in Jesus. This mixed community was distinct from both the Jewish synagogue and the pagan society.

Barnabas was sent from Jerusalem to evaluate what was happening (Acts 11:22-24). He affirmed the grace of God at work, encouraged them, and later brought Saul (Paul) from Tarsus to help teach and disciple this growing church (Acts 11:25). For a whole year, they taught a large number of people.

It was in this thriving, multi-ethnic community that believers were first called “Christians.” The name identified them not by race, geography, or culture—but by their connection to Christ.

Meaning for Today’s Christians

To be called a Christian today should mean what it meant then: one who belongs to Christ, who is visibly committed to following Jesus, and whose life stands out from the surrounding culture.

The term “Christian” is not merely a label—it reflects a transformed identity rooted in faith in the crucified and risen Savior. True Christians are disciples, learning from Jesus, growing in grace, and making Him known.

Being called a Christian also implies a life of witness, and sometimes a life of suffering. Peter encouraged believers to bear the name with honor even in persecution (1 Peter 4:16), showing that being a Christian is costly but glorious.

Connection to Jesus and the Gospel

The identity of a Christian is inseparable from the person and work of Jesus Christ. He is the Messiah, the fulfillment of Old Testament promises (Isaiah 53; Psalm 2), the Savior who died and rose again for sinners (1 Corinthians 15:1-4).

Christians are those who have repented and believed the gospel (Mark 1:15), who have been born again (John 3:3), and who now live by faith in Christ (Galatians 2:20). Their identity is now “in Christ” (2 Corinthians 5:17), and they share in His mission to bring salvation to the ends of the earth (Matthew 28:18-20).

Broader Biblical Themes

1. New Identity in Christ

Christians have a new name, a new heart, and a new purpose. This points to the spiritual reality of the new creation (2 Corinthians 5:17).

2. Gospel for All Nations

That the term “Christian” was first used in Antioch, a Gentile city, shows that Jesus is not just the Messiah of the Jews but the Savior of the world (John 4:42).

3. Discipleship and Teaching

Barnabas and Saul spent a year teaching the believers, showing that Christianity is grounded in truth, discipleship, and spiritual growth (Colossians 1:28).

4. Suffering and Endurance

Being a Christian invites trials and persecution, but also divine strength and eternal hope (1 Peter 4:16; 2 Timothy 3:12).

5. Public Witness

The believers’ lifestyle in Antioch was so distinct that people gave them a new name. Christianity is not private or hidden; it is a public testimony to the world.

Reflection Questions

1. What does the name “Christian” mean to me personally? Is it just a label, or a true description of my life and faith?

2. How does my life reflect that I belong to Christ, like the believers in Antioch?

3. Am I growing in discipleship and knowledge of Jesus as they did under Barnabas and Paul?

4. How am I responding to trials or suffering that come with being a Christian?

5. In what ways am I actively witnessing to Christ in a culture that may not understand or accept the gospel?

6. How can the unity of Jews and Gentiles in Antioch encourage me to reach across cultural boundaries in Christian fellowship and mission?

7. Am I willing, like the early Christians, to stand out for Christ even if it costs me something?

Being called a “Christian” is a privilege, a calling, and a responsibility. It connects believers not only to each other but to Jesus Himself—the One who is the same yesterday, today, and forever (Hebrews 13:8).