What was Hazezon?
Hazezon (Hebrew: חֲצֵצוֹן Chătsêtsôn) is a geographical location mentioned in the Old Testament, particularly in Genesis 14:5. The name Hazezon is often paired with Tamar, forming the compound name Hazezon-tamar, which means “division (or pruning) of the palm trees.” The root word chatsats (חָצַץ) conveys the idea of cutting or dividing, often used in the context of trimming trees or pruning vines.
Hazezon-tamar is historically significant as a site of military conflict and as an ancient city in the territory later given to the tribe of Judah. It is identified with the location of En Gedi, a fertile oasis on the western shore of the Dead Sea known for its palm trees, vineyards, and fresh water springs (cf. 2 Chronicles 20:2; Song of Solomon 1:14).
Where is Hazezon mentioned in the Bible?
The most notable appearance of Hazezon is in Genesis 14:5–7, during the account of the war between the coalition of kings led by Chedorlaomer and the cities of the plain (including Sodom and Gomorrah):
“In the fourteenth year, Chedorlaomer and the kings allied with him went out and defeated the Rephaites in Ashteroth Karnaim, the Zuzites in Ham, the Emites in Shaveh Kiriathaim, and the Horites in the hill country of Seir, as far as El Paran near the desert. Then they turned back and went to En Mishpat (that is, Kadesh), and they conquered the whole territory of the Amalekites, as well as the Amorites who were living in Hazezon Tamar.” (Genesis 14:5-7, NIV)
Other important references:
- 2 Chronicles 20:2 – Hazezon-tamar is described as a place where enemy forces assembled against King Jehoshaphat.
- Song of Songs 1:14 – En Gedi (Hazezon-tamar) is referenced for its beauty and fertility.
Historical and Biblical Context
Hazezon in the Time of Abraham
Genesis 14 records one of the earliest military campaigns in the Bible, involving a coalition of kings from Mesopotamia who attacked and subdued Canaanite regions, including Hazezon-tamar. This indicates that Hazezon was already inhabited by Amorites and had strategic significance. The campaign also sets the stage for Abram (later Abraham) to rescue his nephew Lot from captivity, showcasing his faith and leadership.
The Amorites living in Hazezon are a recurring group throughout the Old Testament. Their presence here suggests they had control of southern Canaan before Israel’s conquest under Joshua. The defeat of the Amorites here illustrates the ongoing conflict between pagan nations and God’s redemptive purposes through His covenant people.
Association with En Gedi
Later biblical references equate Hazezon-tamar with En Gedi, a place renowned for its palm trees, vineyards, and abundant fresh water. It became a stronghold for David when he fled from King Saul (1 Samuel 23:29; 24:1-2). This transformation—from a pagan Amorite settlement to a place of refuge for God’s anointed king—symbolizes God’s redemptive sovereignty over territory and history.
Theological Implications
Hazezon-tamar, like many geographical references in the Old Testament, is more than a backdrop for action. It represents a stage upon which the drama of redemption unfolds.
- Judgment and Conflict – The attack on Hazezon by foreign kings reflects the turbulence of the ancient world under the curse of sin. Yet, even in warfare, God was preserving a remnant through Abram, pointing forward to the ultimate Savior.
- Divine Sovereignty – Though pagan kings ravaged Canaanite cities, it is God who allowed these events to unfold, eventually using them to position Abram as a figure of covenantal faith.
- Redemption and Refuge – En Gedi (Hazezon-tamar) later becomes a refuge for David. In Christ, God transforms places of conflict into places of rest for His people.
How Hazezon Points to Jesus and the Gospel
Hazezon-tamar, once a stronghold of Amorites and a site of war, eventually becomes a refuge for David—the anointed king and type of Christ. This trajectory mirrors the gospel: places of brokenness become strongholds of grace.
Jesus, the Son of David, came into a world broken by sin and spiritual warfare. Just as David found shelter at Hazezon-tamar, sinners today find refuge in Christ (Psalm 46:1). The pruning implied in the name “Hazezon” may even hint at the purifying work of God in His people (John 15:2).
Where once Amorites warred and Abram pursued justice, Jesus brings peace and restoration.
Broader Biblical Themes
1. Conflict and Covenant
Hazezon-tamar lies in the narrative of Genesis where God is unfolding His covenant through Abraham in the midst of warfare and foreign powers.
2. Geography in God’s Plan
Biblical locations are not random; they play into God’s redemptive story. Hazezon-tamar transitions from pagan territory to a place of divine refuge, demonstrating how God reclaims creation for His glory.
3. Transformation and Renewal
What begins as a site of Amorite habitation becomes a poetic symbol of beauty (Song of Songs 1:14) and a literal oasis. In Christ, God transforms hearts and places for His purposes.
Reflection Questions
- How does the transformation of Hazezon-tamar into a place of refuge encourage you in times of difficulty?
- What does Abram’s role in rescuing Lot near Hazezon reveal about godly courage and intercession?
- In what ways do you see God turning “battlegrounds” in your life into “refuges” through Jesus Christ?
- How does understanding the geography of the Bible deepen your trust in the intentionality of God’s Word?
- What does the history of Hazezon-tamar teach you about God‘s power to reclaim what is broken for His kingdom?
Hazezon, though a small reference in Genesis, opens up layers of spiritual meaning, reminding believers that God is Lord over all history, all places, and all people. From battlefields to oases, He weaves His story of redemption through every detail.