What was Peradventure?

The term “peradventure” is not a person or a place but an archaic English word used in the King James Version (KJV) of the Bible to express uncertainty or possibility—essentially meaning perhaps, maybe, or in case. In Joshua 9:7, the word appears in the Israelites’ response to the Gibeonites during a critical moment of decision:

“And the men of Israel said unto the Hivites, Peradventure ye dwell among us; and how shall we make a league with you?” (KJV)

In modern translations, including the New International Version (NIV), the word is rendered as “what if”, conveying a similar sense of caution and speculative doubt.

The Hebrew root behind this thought process is the phrase אוּלַי (ulay), meaning “perhaps” or “possibly”. This word is commonly used in Scripture to express uncertainty or a hypothetical concern. In the broader context of Joshua 9, “peradventure” conveys the hesitation of the Israelites about being deceived.

Biblical Context and References

Joshua 9:7 – The Gibeonite Deception

In Joshua 9, after Israel’s victories at Jericho and Ai, the surrounding Canaanite nations feared conquest. The Gibeonites, seeking to save themselves, disguised themselves as travelers from a distant land and approached Joshua and the leaders of Israel under false pretenses, requesting a peace treaty.

The leaders of Israel were suspicious and rightly asked, “Peradventure ye dwell among us; and how shall we make a league with you?” (Joshua 9:7, KJV). However, despite the concern, they failed to seek the counsel of the Lord (v. 14) and made a treaty with the Gibeonites.

Other Cross-References Using “Peradventure”

• Genesis 18:24-32 – Abraham uses the word “peradventure” multiple times while interceding for Sodom, pleading with God based on hypothetical righteous numbers.

• Genesis 42:4 – Jacob says, “Peradventure mischief befall him,” expressing fear for Benjamin.

• Exodus 32:30 – Moses says, “Peradventure I shall make an atonement for your sin.”

Each usage highlights a moment of uncertainty, often tied to intercession, danger, or seeking divine mercy.

Explanation and Significance

The word “peradventure” represents more than just a cautious “what if.” It reflects the limitations of human understanding and the necessity of divine guidance. In Joshua 9:7, the Israelites had enough discernment to suspect deceit, but because they did not pray or inquire of God (v. 14), they made a binding covenant that later brought trouble.

The inclusion of “peradventure” in this dialogue serves to highlight the tension between human suspicion and divine direction. It reminds readers that doubt alone is not enough—it must lead to dependence on God.

What It Means for Today’s Christians

The principle seen in the use of “peradventure” in Joshua 9 applies strongly today. Christians may experience moments of doubt, uncertainty, or caution, but without bringing concerns to the Lord, they are still vulnerable to error. The hesitation expressed in “peradventure” should prompt us to seek God’s will through prayer, Scripture, and godly counsel, especially when making major decisions.

Furthermore, the narrative warns against relying solely on appearances, logic, or sentiment. Even well-meaning decisions can result in long-term consequences if made apart from God’s guidance.

How This Points to Jesus and the Gospel

“Peradventure” as a concept reveals the tentative nature of human reasoning. But in Christ, we are offered certainty and truth. Where human leaders say “peradventure,” Jesus says, “Truly, truly, I say to you…” (John 5:24).

In Romans 5:7-8, Paul uses a similar term:

“For scarcely for a righteous man will one die: yet peradventure for a good man some would even dare to die. But God commendeth his love toward us, in that, while we were yet sinners, Christ died for us.” (KJV)

Here, “peradventure” sets the stage for the contrast: human love is conditional and rare, but God’s love is absolute and sacrificial. The gospel resolves all “peradventure”—the uncertainty of sin, death, and judgment—by offering assurance in Christ.

Broader Biblical Themes

1. Human Uncertainty vs. God’s Sovereignty

The use of “peradventure” reveals the fragility of human decision-making. We are often unsure, but God is never uncertain. His will is perfect and trustworthy.

2. The Need for Divine Counsel

Just like the Israelites failed to inquire of the Lord, Christians must remember that God invites us to seek His guidance (James 1:5). Decisions apart from Him can lead to compromise and bondage.

3. Deception and Discernment

The Gibeonite story reminds believers to test everything (1 Thessalonians 5:21) and not to judge merely by appearances. Even when something seems good, we must ask, “Lord, is this of You?”

4. Grace in Our Mistakes

Though Israel erred by making peace with the Gibeonites, God still used the situation for good. Later, the Gibeonites became servants in the temple (Joshua 9:27), showing how God redeems imperfect decisions.

Reflection Questions

1. Have you recently faced a “peradventure” moment—uncertainty about a decision or direction?

2. When you feel unsure, do you turn first to logic, feelings, or prayer?

3. How does Romans 5:7-8’s use of “peradventure” deepen your appreciation for God’s certain love through Christ?

4. Are there any decisions you’ve made without seeking God that you need to revisit with prayer?

5. How can you cultivate a habit of seeking divine guidance before committing to life-changing choices?

The word “peradventure” may seem outdated, but its use in Scripture remains powerfully relevant, especially in stories like Joshua 9. It reminds us of the importance of caution, the fallibility of human judgment, and the necessity of seeking God first. Ultimately, it points us to the gospel—the good news that in Jesus, we no longer have to live in “peradventure” but can walk in the certainty of grace and truth.