What Was Aramaic in the Bible?
Aramaic is an ancient language referenced multiple times in the Bible, reflecting its significance in the historical and cultural context of biblical times. Originating as the language of the Arameans, Aramaic became widely used across various empires and peoples, including the Israelites, Assyrians, Babylonians, and Persians. It served as a common language of diplomacy, commerce, and daily communication, particularly in the regions of Mesopotamia and the Levant.
Biblical References and Description
2 Kings 18:26
In 2 Kings 18:26 (NIV), we read, “Then Eliakim son of Hilkiah, and Shebna and Joah, said to the field commander, ‘Please speak to your servants in Aramaic, since we understand it. Don’t speak to us in Hebrew in the hearing of the people on the wall.'” This verse highlights the use of Aramaic as a diplomatic language during a confrontation between the Assyrian official, the Rabshakeh, and the people of Jerusalem. The request to speak in Aramaic indicates that it was widely understood by the educated and governing classes of Judah.
New Testament References
In the New Testament, Aramaic continues to play a significant role. Luke 23:38 (NIV) mentions, “There was a written notice above him, which read: THIS IS THE KING OF THE JEWS. It was written in Aramaic, Latin, and Greek.” The term translated as Hebrew in some versions actually refers to the Aramaic language spoken by the Jewish people of that time.
Additionally, Acts 21:40, 22:2, and 26:14 include instances where Paul speaks to the crowd in Aramaic (referred to as Hebrew in some translations), showing its continued use among the Jewish population in the early Christian era.
Revelation 9:11 and 16:16
In Revelation 9:11 and 16:16, the original Greek text uses terms that refer to Aramaic. Revelation 9:11 (NIV) says, “They had as king over them the angel of the Abyss, whose name in Hebrew is Abaddon, and in Greek is Apollyon.” Revelation 16:16 (NIV) states, “Then they gathered the kings together to the place that in Hebrew is called Armageddon.” These instances demonstrate the interchangeability and overlap between the terms Hebrew and Aramaic, reflecting their close linguistic relationship.
Lessons for the Modern Christian
Understanding Biblical Languages
The presence of Aramaic in the Bible underscores the importance of understanding the languages in which the Scriptures were originally written. For modern Christians, this highlights the value of studying biblical languages to gain deeper insights into the text and its meaning. Recognizing the nuances of Aramaic, Hebrew, and Greek enriches one’s comprehension of the Bible.
Embracing Cultural Diversity
Aramaic’s widespread use in the ancient Near East reflects the cultural and linguistic diversity of the region. For contemporary believers, this serves as a reminder of the diverse backgrounds of the early Christian community and the inclusivity of the Gospel message. It encourages Christians to embrace and appreciate the cultural diversity within the global Church.
Connection to a Loving God
God’s Communication with Humanity
The use of Aramaic in the Bible exemplifies God’s desire to communicate with humanity in ways that are understandable and accessible. Just as God used Aramaic to speak to the people of ancient times, He continues to communicate with His people in their own languages and cultural contexts. This demonstrates God’s love and commitment to reaching out to all people.
God’s Sovereignty Over History
The presence of Aramaic in the Bible also reflects God’s sovereignty over history. Despite the rise and fall of empires and the shifting use of languages, God’s Word remains steadfast and relevant. This reassures believers that God is in control of history and that His purposes will prevail regardless of human circumstances.
Connection to Jesus Christ
Jesus and Aramaic
Jesus Himself likely spoke Aramaic, as evidenced by several Aramaic phrases preserved in the New Testament. For example, in Mark 5:41 (NIV), Jesus says, “Talitha koum!” which means “Little girl, I say to you, get up!” This demonstrates Jesus’ use of the common language of His time to communicate His message of healing and salvation.
The Universality of the Gospel
The use of multiple languages, including Aramaic, in the New Testament highlights the universality of the Gospel message. Jesus’ teachings and the early Christian message were communicated in the languages of the people, ensuring that the Good News was accessible to all. This underscores the inclusivity of Christ’s mission and the call to share the Gospel with every nation and language.
Conclusion
Aramaic, a significant language in the Bible, played a crucial role in the historical and cultural context of both the Old and New Testaments. Its use reflects the diversity and inclusivity of God’s communication with humanity. For modern Christians, understanding the presence and significance of Aramaic in the Bible enriches their comprehension of Scripture and highlights the importance of cultural diversity and inclusivity in the Christian faith. By recognizing God’s sovereignty and His desire to reach all people, believers are encouraged to embrace and share the universal message of the Gospel, just as Jesus did in His earthly ministry.